Taxonomy according to Goodman (1999)
Source:
Goodman M. (1999) The natural history of the primates.
"MOLECULAR EVOLUTION'99:The Genomic Record of Humankind's Evolutionary Roots"
America Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 64, pp. 31-39
Family Hominidae
Subfamily Homininae
Tribe Hylobatini
Subtribe Hylobatina
Sympbalangus: siamangs
Hylobates: gibbons
Tribe Hominini
Subtribe Pongina, Pongo: orangutans
Subtribe Hominina
Gorilla: gorillas
Homo (Homo): humans
Homo (Pan): chimpanzees, bonobo
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Taxonomy according to Groves (1997)
Source:
Gloves C. P. (1997) Taxonomy and phylogeny of primates. In Blancher A., Klein J., and Socha W. W.(eds.)
"Molecular Biology and Evolution of Blood Group and MHC Antigens in Primates"
Springer-Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 3-540-61636-5
Hylobatidae (gibbon and siamong)
Hylobates [four subgenera may be full genera]
subgenus Hylobates
Hylobates agilis (agile gibbon)
Hylobates agilis agilis
Hylobates agilis albibarbis
Hylobates klossii (Kloss gibbon; bilou)
Hylobates lar (white-handed gibbon; lar gibbon)
Hylobates lar lar
Hylobates lar vestitus
Hylobates molock (silvery gibbon)
Hylobates muelleri (Mueller's Bornean gibbon) [these may be subspecies of Hylobates agilis]
Hylobates muelleri muelleri
Hylobates muelleri funereus
Hylobates muelleri abbotti
Hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon)
subgenus Nomascus
Hylobates concolor (conclor gibbon; black crested gibbon)
Hylobates concolor concolr
Hylobates concolor hainanus
Hylobates concolor jingdongensis
Hylobates concolor furvogaster
Hylobates concolor lu
Hylobates gabriellae (red-cheeked gibbon)
Hylobates leukogenys (white-cheeked gibbon)
subgenus Bunopithecus
Hylobates hoolock (Hoolock gibbon)
Hylobates hoolock hoolock
Hylobates hoolock leuconedys
subgenus Symphalangus
Hylobates syndactylus (siamang)
Hominidae (great apes and human)
subfamily Ponginae
Pongo
Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan)
Pongo pygmaeus abelii [it may be a distinct species]
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus
Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii
subfamily Homininae
Gorilla
Gorilla gorilla (gorilla)
Gorilla gorilla beringei [it may be a distinct species]
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Gorilla gorilla graueri [it may be a subspecies of Gorilla gorilla beringei]
Pan
Pan paniscus (pygmy chimpanzee; bonobo)
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) [subspecies classification are in need of revision]
Pan troglodytes troglodytes
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
Pan troglodytes verus
Homo
Homo sapiens (human)
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Taxonomy according to Wilson and Reeder (1993)
Source:
Don E. Wilson and DeeAnn M. Reeder (1993) Mammal species of the world
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London in association with the American Society of Mammalogists
Family Hylobatidae Gray,1871.Cat.Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eatng Bats Brit.Mus.,p.4.
Hylobates Illiger,1811.Prodr.Syst.Mamm.Avium.,p.67.
Hylobates agilis F.Cuvier,1821.In E.Geoffroy and F.Cuvier,Hist.Nat.Mammiferes,pt.2,3(32):1-3,"Wouwou"
Hylobates concolor (Harlan,1826).J.Acad.Nat.Sci.Philadelphia,ser.5,4:231.
Hylobates gabriellae Thomas,1909.Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.,ser.8,4:112.
Hylobates hoolock (Harlan,1834).Trans.Am.Philos.Soc.,4:52.
Hylobates klossii (Miller,1903).Smithson.Misc.Coll.,45:70.
Hylobates lar (Linnaeus,1771).Mantissa Plantarum,p.521.
Hylobates leucogenys Ogilby,1840.Proc.Zool.Soc.Lond.,1840:20.
Hylobates moloch (Audebert,1798).Hist.Nat.Singes Makis,1st fasc.,sect.2,pl.2.
Hylobates muelleri Martin,1841.Nat.Hist.Mamm.Anim.,p.444.
Hylobates pileatus (Gray,1861).Proc.Zool.Soc.Lond.,1861:136.
Hylobates syndactylus (raffeles,1821).Trans.Linn.Soc.London,13:241.
Family Hominidae Gray,1825.Ann.Philos.,n.s.,10:344.
Gorilla (I.Geoffroy,1852).C.R.Acad.Sci.Paris,36:933.
Gorilla gorilla (Savage and Wyman,1847).Boston J.Nat.Hist.,5:417.
Homo Linnaeus,1758.Syst.Nat.,10th ed.,1:20
Homo sapiens Linnaeus,1758.Syst.,10th ed.,1:20.
Pan Oken,1816.Lehrb.Naturgesch.,ser.3,2:xi
Pan paniscus Schwartz,1929.Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr.,16:4.
Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach,1775).De generis humani varietate nativa,p.37.
Pongo Lacepede,1799.Tabl.Div.Subd.Orders Genres Mammiferes,p.4.
Pongo pygmaeus (Linnaeus,1760).Amoenit.Acad.,6:68.
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Taxonomy according to Walker's Mammals of the World Fifth edition (1991)
Source:
Nowark R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World Fifth edition. Volume I.
The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London. ISBN 0-8018-3970-X
Hylobatidae (gibbon and siamong)
Hylobates [Illiger, 1811]
subgenus Nomascus [Miller, 1933]
Hylobates concolor (crested gibbon)
subgenus Symphalangus [Gloger, 1841]
Hylobates syndactylus (siamang)
subgenus Bunopithecus [Matthew and Granger, 1923]
Hylobates hoolock (hoolock gibbon)
subgenus Hylobates [Illiger, 1811]
Hylobates agilis (dark-handed gibbon)
Hylobates klossii (Kloss's gibbon)
Hylobates lar (white-handed gibbon)
Hylobates molock (silvery gibbon)
Hylobates muelleri (gray gibbon)
Hylobates pileatus (capped gibbon)
Pongidae (great apes)
Pongo [Lacepede, 1799]
Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan)
Pongo pygmaeus abelii (Sumatran orangutan)
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan)
Gorilla [I. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1852]
Gorilla gorilla (gorilla)
Gorilla gorilla beringei (mountain gorilla)
Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western lowland gorilla)
Gorilla gorilla graueri (eastern lowland gorilla)
Pan [Oken, 1816]
Pan paniscus (pygmy chimpanzee, bonobo)
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Hominidae (human)
Homo [Linnaeus, 1758]
Homo sapiens (human)
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Taxonomy according to Napier and Napier (1985)
Source:
Napier J. R. and Napier P. H. (1985) The natural history of the primates.
MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. ISBN 0-262-14039-X
Hylobatidae (gibbon and siamong)
Hylobates
Hylobates concolor (black gibbon; crested gibbon)
Hylobates hoolock (hoolock gibbon)
Hylobates klossii (Kloss's gibbon; Mentawai Island gibbon, beeloh)
Hylobates lar (white-handed gibbon; lar gibbon, agile gibbon, silvery gibbon)
Hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon; capped gibbon)
Hylobates syndactylus (siamang)
Pongidae (great apes)
Pongo
Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan)
Gorilla
Gorilla gorilla (gorilla)
Pan
Pan paniscus (pygmy chimpanzee)
Pan troglodytes (common chimpanzee)
Hominidae (human)
Homo
Homo sapiens (human)
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Taxonomy according to NCBI
Source:
NCBI Taxonomy web page
Hylobatidae (gibbons)
Hylobates
Hylobates agilis (agile gibbon)
Hylobates concolor (crested gibbon)
Hylobates gabriellae (red-cheeked gibbon)
Hylobates hoolock
Hylobates klossii (Kloss's gibbon)
Hylobates lar (common gibbon)
Hylobates leukogenys (white-cheeked gibbon)
Hylobates moolock
Hylobates muelleri (Mueller's gibbon)
Hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon)
Hylobates syndactylus (siamang)
Hominidae (great apes and human)
Pongo
Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan)
Pongo pygmaeus abelii (Sumatran orangutan)
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan)
Gorilla
Gorilla gorilla (gorilla)
Gorilla gorilla beringei (mountain gorilla)
Gorilla gorilla gorilla (lowland gorilla)
Gorilla gorilla graueri
Pan (chimpanzee)
Pan paniscus (pygmy chimpanzee)
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee; common chimpanzee)
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
Pan troglodytes troglodytes
Pan troglodytes verus
Homo
Homo sapiens (human)
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Taxonomy according to www.primates.co.uk
Source:
Their web page
Family Hylobatidae
Hylobates
(Hylobates agilis) Agile gibbon
(Hylobates concolor) Crested gibbon
(Hylobates hoolock) Hoolock gibbon
(Hylobates klossii) Kloss's gibbon
(Hylobates lar) Common gibbon
(Hylobates moloch) Javan gibbon
(Hylobates muelleri) Muller's gibbon
(Hylobates pileatus) Pileated gibbon
(Hylobates syndactylus) Siamang
Family Pongidae
Pongo
(Pongo pygmaeus) Orang-utan
Pan
(Pan paniscus) Bonobo
(Pan troglodytes) Chimpanzee
Gorilla
(Gorilla gorilla) Gorilla
Homo
(Homo sapiens) Human
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Last updated: 9/9/00